Polymers have played an essential role in advanced drug delivery
systems by providing controlled release of drugs in constant doses
over long periods. In recent decades, polymers have been widely used
in biomedical applications, due to their biodegradability and
biocompatibility. However, use of polymers as carriers for drug
delivery faces certain major challenges such as complexities in the
synthesis and characterization. The polymer-based drug delivery is an
important area in the biopharmaceutical industry, wherein a linear or
branched-chain polymer is covalently linked to a drug, protein, or
antibody. Conjugation of polymers to these therapeutics is carried
out to improve pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of
these therapeutics. This is achieved in various ways such as
increased plasma half-life, protection of the drug from proteolytic
enzymes, enhanced stability of proteins, and enhanced solubility of
low-molecular-weight drugs.
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A majority of polymer conjugates are designed as anticancer
treatments. Diseases other than cancer including diabetes mellitus,
hepatitis B and C, and rheumatoid arthritis have also been targeted.
Polymer drug conjugates, wherein the low-molecular-weight drug is
often an anticancer and polymeric carrier such as HPMA copolymer, are
conjugated. For example, paclitaxel with low solubility is covalently
linked to bis polyethylene glycol (PEG) and dendritic polyamidoamine.
Both polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyamidoamine increase the
solubility of paclitaxel. In polymer protein conjugate, peptide and
protein are covalently conjugated to polyethylene glycol to improve
pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties of protein.
Polyethylene glycol is preferred, as it is approved by the FDA; it is
hydrophilic in nature, and it increases the blood circulation time of
proteins. In addition, polymer-drug or polymer-protein conjugates,
polymeric micelles is a promising area of polymer therapeutics due to
several advantages. These include easy conjugation, high drug-loading
capacity in the hydrophobic core, active targeting, and rapid
circular uptake by cells due to their nano-size characteristics.
Increase in research and development activities in the field of
nanotechnology to develop innovative nano-medicines, widening
pipeline of products, favorable research scenario, and rising
prevalence of chronic diseases such as cancer and diabetes mellitus
are projected to drive the global polymer-based drug delivery systems
market during the forecast period. However, high costs incurred for
development of medicines and stringent regulatory scenario are likely
to hamper the market during the forecast period.
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The global polymer-based drug delivery systems market can be
categorized based on polymer type, releasing pattern, manufacturing
technique, distribution channel, and region. Based on polymer type,
the market can be categorized into natural polymers (such as
cellulose, starch), semi-synthetic polymers (such as cellulose
derivatives), and synthetic polymers (such as polyethene, polyester).
Based on releasing pattern, the global polymer-based drug delivery
systems market can be segmented into diffusion-controlled systems,
externally triggered systems, chemically controlled (biodegradable)
systems, and solvent-activated systems. Based on manufacturing
technique, the market can be divided into compression technique,
spray technique, dip-coating technique, and encapsulation technique.
Based on distribution channel, the global polymer-based drug delivery
systems market can be segmented into online pharmacies, retail
pharmacies, and hospital pharmacies.
Geographically, the global polymer-based drug delivery systems market
can be segregated into five regions: North America, Europe, Latin
America, Asia Pacific, and Middle East & Africa. North America
held the largest share of the global market in 2016, with the U.S.
accounting for a major share in the market in North America. This can
be attributed to high adoption of polymer-based drug delivery systems
in various industries in the country. The polymer-based drug delivery
systems market in Asia Pacific is expected to expand rapidly during
the forecast period. Growth of the market in the region can be
attributed to rising prevalence of chronic diseases and increasing
investments by key companies in R&D in the region. Moreover,
countries in Asia account for more than 60% of the world’s diabetic
population and polymer-based drug delivery systems are increasingly
required for the management of diabetes and related disorders.
Key players operating in the global polymer-based drug delivery
systems market are Medtronic plc, Allergan plc, Pfizer, Inc., Abbott
Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Indevus pharmaceuticals, Inc.,
Boston Scientific Corporation, Halozyme Therapeutics, GlaxoSmithKline
plc, and Merck Millipore.
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