An imaging biomarker
is a biomarker that can be detected with the help of an imaging
technology. Biomarkers are increasingly being applied as a diagnostic
tool. These are an objective measure for the level of activities of
genes, proteins and other molecular features. According to the
National Institutes of Health’s National Cancer Institute,
biomarker is a biological molecule found in tissue, blood or other
body fluids, which mark the presence of a normal or an abnormal
process, or of a condition or disease.
Therefore,
biomarkers are more useful to detect and monitor responses of the
body to a disease or condition. Since cancer is associated with
alterations in the status and expression of multiple genes,
technologies are under development that could provide important
insights into the etiology of the cancer and be vital to detect,
diagnose, and treat cancer. Biomarkers, help in early detection of
cancer, resulting in increased survival rate among cancer patients.
The global imaging
biomarkers market is segmented on the basis of imaging technologies,
applications and geography. Imaging technologies include positron
emission tomography (PET), ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI), computed tomography (CT) and single-photon emission computed
tomography (SPECT). Personalized medicines, drug discovery and
development, molecular diagnostics, drug formulation, disease
diagnosis and forensic applications are the major application
segments for imaging biomarkers. Determination of disease mechanisms,
toxicity profiling, and in target discovery and validation are some
of the key drivers propelling the demand for imaging biomarkers.
MRI procedures use
magnetic field and are thus safer than other imaging techniques such
as CT and PET scan. Multi parametric MRI is emerging as an improved
technique and best imaging modality for localizing and staging of
various cancers. PET scanners due to their high cost, have their
usage limited to large hospitals. These are useful in cancer staging
and to determine the preseance of metastasis. It is estimated that
approximately 95% of all PET procedures performed are related to
cancers and is the normal standard of care in the diagnosis, staging
and determining treatment of cancer patients.
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Technologically
advanced imaging modalities such as PET/MR, provide new tools for
biomarker imaging by combining morphological and molecular imaging.
Present day CT equipment produce 3D images by capturing pictures in a
helical (or spiral) way and the most recent equipment have the
ability to take more images in a very short time. In certain cases,
contrast medium dyes are used during imaging for clear visualization
of tissues. Ultrasound imaging has gained popularity along with
mammogram for detecting breast cancer, as it is non-invasive, cost
effective, and is widely available.
Geographically, the
global imaging biomarkers market can be categorized into four major
regions namely North America, Europe, Asia Pacific and Rest of the
World. North America comprising of the U.S. and Canada dominates the
global imaging biomarkers market followed by the European countries
due to well established healthcare infrastructure in these regions.
Emerging economies in the Asia Pacific region are expected to be the
fastest growing region in the near future due to rising awareness
regarding the imaging biomarkers and continuous improvement in the
healthcare infrastructure.
Various
organizations have been formed in order to assist in biomarkers
discovery and their assessment in drug development and response to
therapy. These organizations include The Biomarkers Consortium,
International Cancer Biomarker Consortium and The Predictive Safety
Testing Consortium. Abbott Laboratories, Agilent Technologies Inc.,
Biocrates Life Sciences AG, Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc., Becton,
Dickinson and Company, Affymetrix Inc., Danaher Corporation, Qiagen
NV, DiagnoCure, Inc., Gen-Probe Inc., F. Hoffmann La Roche Ltd., and
Siemens Healthcare.
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