Restriction enzymes or restriction endonucleases (RE) are the enzymes
that are found in the bacteria and are harvested from them for their
use in research and commercial aspects. These enzymes cut the
deoxyribonucleotide (DNA) at specific nucleotide sequences and the
biological function of these enzymes is to protect cells from foreign
DNA . Nomeclature for these enzymes is based on the first letter of
the genus followed by first two letters of the species and name of
the bacteria of origin. These enzymes find applications in various
research activities involving molecular biology techniques.
For instance, these enzymes are used as key reagents in processes
such as restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), genomic
mapping, several recombinant procedures and DNA sequencing. There are
four classes of restriction endonucleases namely types I, II, III and
IV of which class II enzymes are the most popular and more useful as
compared to others. The reason being the specific determination of
the DNA sequences and generate termini with 5’ phosphate and 3’
hydroxyl groups and are capable of recognizing non-palindromic
sequences. There has been continuous evolution of the new prototype
activities that render continuous updates about new recognition sites
along with the commercial availability. REBASE is such one database
that provides monthly updates about the above mentioned factors.
Till date more than 10,000 bacteria are screened for the presence of
restriction enzymes and currently there are more than 2,500
restriction enzymes have been discovered along with over 250 distinct
specificities in sequences. The microorganisms that produce RE also
produce DNA methyltransferases and this feature protects their own
DNA from cleavage.
These enzymes are used in conventional cloning, deciphering
epigenetic modifications, construction of DNA libraries and in vivo
gene editing. The market for restriction endonucleases can be
segmented by various types that are available commercially and the
respective application areas. Companies such as New England Biolabs,
Inc. and Thermo Fisher Scientific engage in development and marketing
of various types of restriction enzymes (A-Z). For instance, New
England Biolabs, Inc. offers restriction enzymes in variable sizes
such as 500 and 2,500 units. These units are priced at USD 57.00 for
one unit. In addition, Thermo Fisher Scientific also offers these by
FastDigest (176) brand and Conventional enzymes.
Future Market Projections for Restriction Enzymes: http://bit.ly/2fGJ2Tc
Factors such as regulatory policies and product approvals govern the
market growth. Furthermore, it can be classifies by the applications
and end users. Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies along with
academic research institutes utilize these REs in various activities.
Geographically, North America and Europe are the highest revenue
generators in this market owing to increasing research and
development activities followed by the presence of manufacturers in
these regions. On the other hand Asia Pacific and Rest of the World
(RoW) regions present lucrative opportunities for the growth of this
market due to increasing research projects funding by the respective
governments followed by increasing commercial production of these
enzymes.
There is a tremendous growth potential in acceptance of these enzymes
owing to increasing implementation of molecular biology techniques
and processes followed by increasing research and development
activities making use of these enzymes. On the other hand, factors
such as high cost of downstream activities coupled with variable
reliability and accuracy of these enzymes are some factors that might
restrain the market growth. Agilent Technologies, Inc., Genetix
Biotech Asia Pvt. Ltd., New England Biolabs, Inc., ThermoFisher
Scientific, Inc., and Promega Corporation are some of the key market
players operating in this market.