DNA and RNA Probes are Designed to Detect and Identify Various Infectious Agents as Bacteria, Protozoa and Viruses

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and single-stranded fragments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are referred to as RNA probes and DNA probes, respectively. These DNA and RNA probes are short in length, usually 100 to 1000 bases long, and are capable of forming non-covalent, highly specific duplexes with a matching sequence of the nuclear acid strand. DNA probes and RNA probes find applications in microarray-based gene expression profiling, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA).

Primarily, DNA probe is the labeled segment of RNA or DNA, used to find out the particular sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule. From a medical perspective, DNA genetic probes and RNA genetic probes have three important applications, namely, detection of changes in nucleic acid sequences (mutation), detection of tandem repeat sequences (30 to 50 base pairs), and detection of specific nucleic acid sequences. These RNA and DNA genetic probes are specifically designed to identify and detect various infectious agents including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa.

The detection of genetic mutation by using DNA and RNA probe is of diagnostic importance in various hereditary diseases such as muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and phenylketonuria. Further, the detection of tandem repeat sequences is of utmost use in paternity testing and forensic science. The global DNA and RNA probes market is segmented on the basis of geography and material used for labeling.

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Based on the material used for labeling, the global DNA and RNA probes market is classified into non-radioactive probes and radioactive probes. Non-radioactive probes primarily involve attaching the probe either to a chemifluorescent substrate, an antibody directed against an enzyme, an enzyme (horseradish peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase), or to the fluorophore. These probes can be alternatively labeled with biotin, making it detectable by an avidin-enzyme conjugate and a streptavidin.

Based on geography, the global DNA and RNA probes market is divided into Europe, Asia Pacific, North America, and Rest of the World. With the entry of new companies, the global DNA and RNA probes market is expected to become highly competitive in the years to come. However, the increasing number of acquisitions and partnerships are predicted to help leading players to maintain their dominant positions in the global DNA and RNA probes market in the next few years. Some of the leading players operating in the global DNA and RNA probes market are Amersham Life Sciences, Inc., Epicentre Technologies, GE Healthcare, IBA GmbH, Kamiya Biomedical Co., Operon, Inc., Signet Laboratories, Inc., Clontech Laboratories, Inc., FMC Corporation, Genosys Biotechnologies, Inc., IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Oncor, Inc., and Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. Going forward, the applications of DNA and RNA probes are expected to increase in the medical field. This is predicted to benefit the global DNA and RNA probes market in many ways.