Cancer has been a growing concern affecting more than eight million
people across the globe. Statistics published by the World Health
Organization stated that more than 60% of cancer cases occur in
Africa, Asia, and South and Central America. The organization also
projected that the number of cancer cases could reach 22 million by
2032. Lung, liver, stomach, colorectal, and breast are among the
leading cause of cancer deaths. The high mortality rate and wide
prevalence of cancer have driven scientists to engage in the
discovery of better treatment options of the disease. Alkylating
agents were among the earliest classes of drugs available for
treating cancer. These are the first nonhormonal drugs successfully
used in the cancer treatment.
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Traditionally, alkylating agents are grouped into SN1 and SN2 types.
The SN1 agents directly react with biological molecules. The SN2 type
agents are those that form an intermediate, which then react with the
biological molecules. Alkylating agents act by damaging the DNA
strands and prevent cancer cells from replicating. These agents show
activity against the cancer cell during each phase of its life cycle,
thus making alkylating agents desirable for treating a wide range of
cancers. As alkylating agents act by altering the DNA strands,
prolonged use of about 5 years to 10 years of these agents can lead
to bone marrow damage, and, in rare instances, it might lead to acute
leukemia. Temodar (temozolomide) by Merck, Treanda (bendamustine) by
Teva Pharma, and Eloxatin (Oxaliplatin) by Sanofi are the major drugs
in this class. Temodar and Eloxatin lost their exclusivity in 2013
and 2012, respectively.
The rising prevalence of different cancer types such as lymphoma,
carcinoma, leukemia, and bladder cancer is a major growth driver for
the global alkylating agents market. Sedentary and unhealthy
lifestyles and environmental changes are factors leading to the
increasing prevalence of cancer. Alkylating agents are used in
chemotherapy for 100 different cancer types known till date. In
addition, rising awareness about various forms of cancers and their
treatment is one of the key factors for the growth of the global
alkylating agents market.
The global alkylating agents market has been segmented based on type,
route of administration, distribution channel, and region. In terms
of type, the market is segmented into five major classes: nitrogen
mustards, alkyl sulfonates, nitrosoureas, triazines, and
ethylenimines. The dosage and schedule of each type of alkylating
agent depend on the patient’s overall health, weight and cancer
type which is to be treated. Nitrogen mustards include drugs such as
mechlorethamine, ifosfamide, melphalan, chlorambucil, and
cyclophosphamide. Nitrosoureas class of alkylating agents consists
drugs such as streptozocin, carmustine, and lomustine.
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Alkyl sulfonates include drugs such as busulfan, treosulfan, and
mannosulfan. Ethylenimines include drugs such as thiotepa and
altretamine. Triazenes include drugs such as dacarbazine and
temozolomide. In terms of route of administration, the market is
segmented into oral route and intravenous route. In terms of
distribution channel, the market is divided into hospital pharmacies,
retail pharmacies, online retailers, and private clinics.
Geographically, the global alkylating agents market is segmented into
five key regions: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America,
and Middle East & Africa. North America accounts for the largest
market share owing to high research and development, favorable
reimbursement policies, and availability of advanced health care
infrastructure. The implementation of the Affordable Care Act has
significantly posed limitations to hospitals as well as
pharmaceutical companies with respect to costing of new drugs.
Europe is the second largest market globally due to the presence of
high quality scientific companies and research organizations.
However, lack of proper reimbursement policies and regulatory
framework pertaining to new drug development are key restraints which
might hamper the market growth in Europe.
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Key players operating in the global alkylating agents market include
Merck & Co., Inc., Cipla Inc., and Pfizer Inc.
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