Bloodstream infection (BSI) occurs when a bacterial infection of
someone else enters the bloodstream. It is difficult to determine the
exact causes of BSI but it is considered that certain Gram positive
and Gram negative bacteria are responsible for BSI. Fever, chills,
high breathing rate, and nausea are common symptoms of BSI. According
to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), patients
with infections in the urinary tract, kidney, lung, and abdominal
area are prone to suffer from BSI. In addition, people who are
suffering with HIV or receiving chemotherapy treatment are at a
higher risk of developing BSI. It is one of the serious complications
for patients who are admitted in critical care units. This infection
not only lengthens the hospital stays, but also increases the chances
of life-threatening comorbidities and sometimes leads to death. As
per an article published in the Journal of Laboratory Physicians in
2014, it was estimated that 200,000 to 300,000 new cases of BSI occur
every year worldwide.
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Bloodstream infections are mostly diagnosed by blood culture tests
and molecular tests. Commercially available tests are SepsiTest,
SeptiFast, MagicPlex, VYOO, and PLEX-ID. The global bloodstream
infection testing market is driven by the growing incidence and
prevalence of burn/wounds cases, HIV, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, and
cancer. Additionally, awareness about hygiene, diagnosis rate,
unhealthy lifestyle, and increase in geriatric population are the
potential factors for the market growth. On the other hand, rigid
regulatory scenario regarding diagnosis procedures, high diagnosis
cost, and lack of medical reimbursement may hinder the growth of the
market during the forecast period. Innovations, R&D investments,
mergers and acquisitions among the key vendors are the dynamics for
the bloodstream infection testing market to progress.
In terms of test type, the global bloodstream infection testing
market is compartmentalized into conventional blood culture tests,
PCR methods, nucleic acid testing, mass spectroscopy, and point of
care testing. Based on product type, the global market is segmented
into instruments, reagents, and others. The reagents segment accounts
for a high market share as compared to the instruments segment due to
higher volume of sales of reagents.
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In terms of end-user, the global market is bifurcated into hospitals,
independent diagnostic centers, and others (research or academic
institutes). Based on application, the global market is segmented
into hospital acquired bloodstream infections and community based
bloodstream infections. A study published in the Journal of Clinical
Microbiology depicted that more than 50% of the study sample acquired
bloodstream infections in hospitals or other health care centers as
compared to community based setting. A similar study also highlighted
that the mortality rate in hospital settings is much higher than that
of the community based setting.
Geographically, the global bloodstream infection testing market is
segmented into five regions: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific,
Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. According to a Canadian
study (2013), the rate of the BSI in the U.S. is 51-126 per 100,000
population and 40-84 per 100,000 population in Canada per year. North
America accounts for the largest market share of the global market
owing to factors such as high infection rate, increase in awareness,
high diagnosis rate, favorable medical reimbursement scenario, and
developed medical facilities. It is followed by Europe in terms of
market share. Asia Pacific is anticipated to hold the third largest
market share owing to large population pool and poor hygienic sense.
Latin America and Middle East & Africa are the silent
contributors of the market.
Key vendors operating in the market include Becton Dickinson,
Cepheid, Roche Diagnostics, Thermo Fisher Scientific, bioMérieux,
and Luminex Corporation. Notable key developments include a)
point-of-care diagnosis test kit launched by the University of
California, Irvine in November 2014 and b) marketing approval of
PhenoTest BC Kit (Accelerate Diagnostic) from Foods and Drugs
Administration, USA in February 2017.
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