Biliary atresia or extra hepatic ductopenia is an acquired disease of
the liver. This disease is characterized by the obliteration of the
extra hepatic biliary system which results in obstruction of the bile
flow from the liver to gall bladder. This can lead to damage to the
liver or liver cirrhosis and can become fatal if not treated at an
early stage. It occurs because biliary ducts are not normally
developed in infants. Currently, there is no known cause of biliary
atresia. However, various studies suggest that Reovirus 3 infection,
congenital cytomegalovirus infection, and congenital malformation
might be responsible for causing biliary atresia in humans.
Some of the symptoms associated with biliary atresia are pale or
clay-colored stool, jaundice, dark urine, slow or no weight gain,
mild hepatomegaly, and enlarged spleen. The treatment regimen widely
used to treat biliary atresia can be medications including bile
acids, glucocorticoids and antibiotics, and surgical procedure. The
most common treatment is a surgical operation called Kasai procedure
(connects liver to the intestine for the flow of bile) which is
successful if performed before the baby is eight weeks old. However,
a liver transplant may or may not be needed depending on the future
condition of the baby. The three forms of biliary atresia are: type I
or perinatal biliary atresia, type II or biliary atresia splenic
malformation, and type III or cystic biliary atresia.
Rise in incidence of biliary atresia is the primary factor
contributing to the growth of the biliary atresia treatment market.
Moreover, other factors such as high demand for safe and effective
pharmacological therapies fuel the growth of the market. Furthermore,
increasing patient population and introduction of innovative products
are expected to drive the untapped biliary atresia treatment market.
However, rise in overall health care expenditure and safety concerns
are the major factors likely to hamper the growth of the biliary
atresia treatment market in the near future.
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The global biliary atresia treatment market can be segmented based on
type of treatment. In terms of type of treatment, the market can be
sub-segmented into medication and surgery. Medications can be
categorized into bile acids such as ursodiol, glucocorticoids such as
methylprednisolone and antibiotics such as
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Surgical procedure involved in the
treatment of biliary atresia is Kasai hepatoportoenterostomy (HPE).
Geographically, the global biliary atresia treatment market can be
segmented into North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific,
and Middle East & Africa. Asia Pacific is the largest market for
biliary atresia treatment products owing to high incidence and
prevalence rates of biliary atresia. Various studies conducted on
biliary atresia suggests that the overall incidence rate of biliary
atresia in countries in Asia is 1 per 8,000 live births. Moreover, it
is more common in infants in China as compared to those in Japan.
However, the overall incidence rate of biliary atresia in the U.S. is
1 per 10,000 to 15,000 live births, while it is approximately 1 in
12,000 births in Europe.
Key companies and research institutes engaged in the development of
biliary atresia treatment are AstraZeneca plc, Daiichi Sankyo Company
Ltd., Eisai Co. Ltd., Johnson & Johnson Services Inc., Novartis
International AG, Pfizer, Inc., the University of Pennsylvania, and
the University of Texas.
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