Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic immunological disorder of the
gastrointestinal system, in which a large number of eosinophils (a
particular type of white blood cells) are present in the esophagus.
The esophagus is a tube that carries food from the mouth to the
stomach. Eosinophilic esophagitis is also known as allergic
esophagitis. Eosinophils are a part of the body’s immune system.
They play a key role in immune regulation and protect body against
certain infections. Their accumulation at a particular location in
the body is a sign of presence of allergic diseases. The most common
symptoms of eosinophilic esophagitis include vomiting, stomachache,
chest pain, difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia), and food getting
trapped in the throat (impaction). The exact cause of the disease is
not known; however, production and accumulation of a large number of
eosinophils at a particular location may be caused by allergenic
immune responses to environmental proteins (allergens) or particular
foods.
Other causes include acid reflux, certain antibiotic medications, and
radiation therapy. The condition is known to occur in children as
well as adults and is more prevalent in men than women. People living
in cold or dry climate, those having family history of eosinophilic
esophagitis, and those suffering from other allergies or asthma are
more susceptible to eosinophilic esophagitis. Diagnosis of
eosinophilic esophagitis involves esophagogastroduodenoscopy biopsy,
endoscopy, or radiology. Efficacy and the choice of treatment for
eosinophilic esophagitis depend on family desire to treat the
symptoms and the cause of the disease while compromising a few
aspects of quality of life. Treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis
includes dietary management and pharmacological therapy. The initial
approach may involve dietary modification such as exclusion of food
that causes allergy, medical therapy, and mechanical esophageal
dilation.
The global market for eosinophilic esophagitis can be segmented based
on therapy type and geography. Based on therapy type, the global
eosinophilic esophagitis market has been segmented as proton pump
inhibitors, corticosteroids (fluticasone and budesonide),
immunomodulators (azathioprine), and biologics (mepolizumab and
infliximab). However, in severe cases, need for mechanical dilation
is considered, which is fulfilled by passing dilators through the
mouth up to the esophagus, gently causing expansion of the esophagus.
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The biologics segment is expected to expand during the forecast
period, due to more efficacy of biologics and high number of ongoing
clinical trials for them. Increase in the incidence of eosinophilic
esophagitis, rise in the research and development expenditure, and
rise in awareness about eosinophilic esophagitis are factors that
fuel the eosinophilic esophagitis market. However, high cost of
therapy, lack of confidence of pipeline molecules, and high
possibility of the disease going undiagnosed or misdiagnosed with
other digestive complications are factors that restrain the market
for eosinophilic esophagitis.
Geographically, the global eosinophilic esophagitis market has been
segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America,
and Middle East & Africa. The market in North America is expected
to expand significantly during the forecast period, followed by
Europe. Growth of the market in North America is attributable to the
increase in demand for advance treatment options, rise in health care
expenditure, and high diagnosis rate in the region. Asia Pacific is
an emerging market for eosinophilic esophagitis, due to developing
health care infrastructure, increasing government expenditure,
growing patient awareness, and rising number of patients suffering
from eosinophilic esophagitis. However, high cost of therapy and lack
of patient education are factors restraining the eosinophilic
esophagitis market in regions such as Middle East & Africa and
Latin America.
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Some of the key players operating in the global eosinophilic
esophagitis market are Axcan Pharma, Inc., Celgene Corporation,
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Shire Plc, Meritage Pharma, Inc.,
Novartis International AG, Receptos, Inc., Dr. Falk Pharma GmbH, and
Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries Limited.
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