Macular edema is the condition when the fluid and proteins start
collecting on or under the macula of the eye thereby resulting in
swelling. Due to such swelling, a person’s central eye vision gets
distorted. Macular edema is classified into two types namely cystoids
macular edema (CME) and diabetic macular edema (DME).
Diabetic macular edema is the major reason for loss of vision in
patients suffering from diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes patient are
reported to have a 10% risk of developing this condition during their
lifetime. On the basis of the cause of disease.
For diagnosing diabetic macular edema, an ophthalmologist checks the
retina for symptoms of the disease including leaking blood vessel,
retinal swelling, damaged nerve tissues and pale, fatty deposits on
the retina. For further confirmation, comprehensive eye examination
such as visual acuity test, dilated exam test and tonometry are
performed.
During the initial stages of DME, no treatment is needed unless the
patients efficiently control their blood sugar levels. If the
condition becomes severe, the standard treatment for diabetic macular
edema is laser photocoagulation. This procedure utilizes laser to
reduce edema byapplying a pattern of burnsor bycauterizing leaky
blood vessels.
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For avoiding the side-effects of this treatment, retinal specialists
apply injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth
factorcorticosteroids along with laser photocoagulation. Currently,
there are only two approved drugs available in market for treating
DME namely Lucentis and Ozurdex. Other treatment methods are
currently under clinical trials.
The markets for America and Europe are at the maturity stage for
diabetic macular edema because large proportion of population is
suffering from diabetes. Lucentis and Ozurdex ocuppy the major part
of the market share in the therapeutics market. Asia-Pacific is also
growing at faster pace while the markets of Africa and Australia are
currently at initial stages.
Some of the companies and institutes which are involved in clinical
trials for treatment of diabetic macular edema are Allergan, Inc.,
Novartis AG, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., Pfizer, Inc.,Bayer AG, Bausch & Lomb Incorporated,the
Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network, The National Eye
Institute, Johns Hopkins University and ShahidBeheshti University of
Medical Sciences.
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