Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease, which is caused by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These bacteria generally infect human
lungs. However, it can infect other body parts/organs as well. Three
major types of tuberculosis are found: latent, active, and
drug-resistant tuberculosis. Symptoms are not identifiable in case of
latent tuberculosis, due to presence of an inactive form of bacteria.
In active tuberculosis, symptoms are clearly visible and they can
spread from one person to another. Coughing for more than two weeks,
chest pain, coughing up blood, chills, fatigue, unintentional weight
loss, fever, and loss of appetite are some of the common symptoms of
active tuberculosis. HIV/AIDS, severe kidney disease, cancer,
diabetes, and malnutrition are some of the key risk factors generally
found to be associated with tuberculosis.
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Tuberculosis can be diagnosed with the help of tests including blood
tests, imaging tests (such as chest X-ray or CT scan), and sputum
tests. Tuberculosis can be treated with the first-line or second-line
therapy. As per a report by World Health Organization (WHO),
tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of deaths occurring
worldwide. In 2015, approximately 9 million new cases of TB and 1.5
million deaths caused by TB occurred worldwide. Currently, WHO and
certain government agencies are working toward reduction of
tuberculosis burden globally, with the help of programs such as Stop
TB. In December 2015, Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Program was
also launched to check the tuberculosis prevalence across the globe.
Growing prevalence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis is driving
the tuberculosis drugs market. Drug shortages is a major restraint
for the tuberculosis drugs market, especially in low- to
medium-income countries of the world. Tuberculosis associated with
diseases such as HIV/AIDS and conditions such as obesity is extremely
difficult to manage. The tuberculosis drugs market can be segmented
based on drug class, disease type, end-user, and region. In terms of
drug class, the market can be categorized into first-line therapy,
second-line therapy, and combination therapy. Isoniazid,
Pyrazinamide, Rifampin, and Ethambutol majorly constitute the
first-line therapy for TB; while Streptomycin, Capreomycin,
Ethionamide, Levofloxacin, and Gatifloxacin are generally considered
as a part of the second-line therapy. Second-line therapy is expected
to be a rapidly growing segment of the tuberculosis drugs market.
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Based on disease type, the tuberculosis drugs market can be segmented
into latent tuberculosis, active tuberculosis, and drug-resistant
tuberculosis. The drug-resistant tuberculosis segment is expected to
expand rapidly during the forecast period. In terms of distribution
channel, the market can be divided into hospital pharmacy, retail
pharmacy, and others. The hospital pharmacy segment held the leading
share in the global tuberculosis drugs market in 2016. The segment is
projected to expand at a significant CAGR during the forecast period.
The others segment is expected to gain a significant market share
during the forecast period, due to launch of national government
programs.
In terms of geography, the global tuberculosis drugs market can be
categorized into five regions: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific,
Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. Asia Pacific dominated
the global tuberculosis drugs market in 2016. Key factors responsible
for growth of the market in Asia Pacific are presence of large
patient population and high incidence rate of TB, especially in some
of the developing economies of the region such as India and China. On
the other hand, North America and Europe have a relatively
small-sized patient pool with lower incidence rate of the disease.
However, high awareness, well-developed health care infrastructure,
rapid adoption of advanced yet expensive TB tests, and high
purchasing power are driving the market in these regions.
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Key players operating in the global tuberculosis drugs market are
Sanofi, Novartis AG, Bayer AG, Lupin Limited, Zydus Cadila, Merck &
Co., Inc., Pfizer Inc., and AstraZeneca.
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