Antisera are products derived from blood which triggers the immune
system of an individual exposed to pathogens or toxins. Antisera
comprises of purified blood plasma loaded with polyclonal antibodies
produced by the host organism. Prominent source of obtaining antisera
includes the human or animal blood. For instance in Ebola, a
dangerous disease which resists all other forms of treatment,
antisera purified from the blood of survivors has been used to
successfully treat people who have been exposed to the disease.
Commercially, antisera can be produced from animals which carry the
infection or have been exposed to small quantity of pathogen over
time. Owing to short life span of antisera and high cost attributed
due to amount of work involved in production, these are usually
stocked at major medical centers only. Smaller hospitals and clinics
have to approach their nearest medical center for procurement. Blood
fraction alternatively coined as blood fractionation is a process
wherein the blood is processed into its individual components such as
red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.
Antibodies derived from single clonal cell line are usually preferred
during production as derived antibodies are identical to each other
and recognize same epitopes as compared to serum derived antibody
which identify multiple epitopes on a single protein. Antisera that
are produced with a high titer to a particular antigen usually have
large number of antibodies recognizing various epitopes on that
antigen. Owing to which there is minimal chances of having a
cross-reacting epitopes. On the other hand, antisera include not only
antibodies directed against a particular antigen of interest, but
they may include other types of antibodies present in the serum.
These antibodies may be present due to the immunological history of
the animal, or even the presence of an autoimmune reaction. Titer of
antisera indicates the amount of specific antibody present in the
serum. A high titer serum has more antibody than a low titer serum.
Antibodies, including antisera, can be used to screen expression
libraries in order to isolate genes that express a particular
epitopes.
Ageing baby boomer population along with rising healthcare
expenditure are prominent drivers of antisera and blood fraction
market. Rising demand for antisera during disease outbreak and
expensive processing involved in manufacturing has substantially
driven the demand for these products across the globe. Lack of
favorable reimbursement scenario and stringent manufacturing
regulation are some of the key restraints to the antisera and blood
fractions market. Recent economic slowdown has also affected the
export demand but market dynamics are now improving.
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Geographically the market is largely driven by the developed economic
regions such as the United States and Europe majorly due to efficient
production capability and rising number of research and development
with respect to antibody production. Presence of major manufacturers
in these regions has substantially contributed towards increasing the
revenues obtained through exports. Asia Pacific and Rest of the World
market are among the fastest growing market due to healthcare reforms
and exponential rise in number of biotechnology research institutes
in these regions.
Some of the prominent players in the global antisera and blood
fractions market include Hardy Diagnostics, Span Diagnostics Ltd.,
IgG Corp, Phoenix Pharmaceuticals Inc., Glycobiotech GmbH, AbSea
Biotechnology Inc. Harlan Laboratories, Inc., SynoGene LLC, Siemens
AG, GEA Process Engineering nv, Decanter System among others.
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