Antiplatelet drugs are agents that help reduce the ability of
platelets to stick together, which is also known as platelet
aggregation, thereby inhibiting blood clot formation. Antiplatelet
agents are used to prevent and treat ischemic stroke (strokes caused
by a blood clot), stent thrombosis, and myocardial infarction (heart
attacks). Ischemic stroke is caused by blockage of flow of blood
because of a clot in the vessels that supply blood to the brain. The
brain does not get enough supply of oxygen and blood if the flow of
blood is stopped for more than a few seconds. This causes permanent
damage in the brain and the cells in the brain can die.
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The three major classes of antiplatelet drugs are glycoprotein
platelet inhibitors, platelet aggregation inhibitors, and
protease-activated receptor-1 antagonists. To prevent the adhesion of
platelets, the glycoprotein platelet inhibitors bind to glycoprotein
IIb/IIIa receptors of platelets on the plasma membrane. Thrombus is
formed due to the sticking together of the platelets. The inhibition
of formation of thrombus by the stopping the binding to the receptor
prevents deep vein thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke.
Platelet aggregation inhibitors prevent formation of clot by
inhibiting platelet adhesion in different places of the clotting
cascade. The balance between thromboxane (which promotes aggregation)
and prostacyclin (that inhibits platelet aggregation) is changed due
to one of the commonly used antiplatelet drug, the aspirin. The
irreversible inhibition of the enzyme cyclo-oxygenase leads to
reduction in prostacyclin of vascular endothelial cells and
thromboxane synthesis in platelets.
Increase in prevalence of ischemic stroke, stent thrombosis, and
myocardial infarction across the world boosts demand for antiplatelet
drugs. According to the American Heart Association, nearly 800,000
people have a stroke in the U.S. each year, and three in four people
experience first-time strokes. Among these, 87% are ischemic strokes.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),
about 735,000 people in North America and Latin America have a heart
attack, among these 525,000 people experience heart attack for the
first time.
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The global antiplatelet drugs market can be segmented based on drug
class, disease type, distribution channel, and region. In terms of
drug class, the market can be classified into glycoprotein platelet
inhibitors, platelet aggregation inhibitors, and protease-activated
receptor-1 antagonists. Based on disease type, the market can be
categorized into ischemic stroke, stent thrombosis, and myocardial
infarction. Based on distribution channel, the market can be
categorized into retail pharmacies, online pharmacies, and hospital
pharmacies.
Geographically, the global antiplatelet drugs market can be
classified into Asia Pacific, Latin America, Europe, Middle East &
Africa, and North America. North America held the largest market
share in 2016. The market in the region is anticipated to be driven
by rise in number of patients suffering from myocardial infarction.
Europe held the second largest market share in 2016, owing to
increase in research and development on antiplatelet drugs. The
market in Asia Pacific is anticipated to grow at a rapid pace during
the forecast period due to increase in initiatives by governments in
countries such as India and China to reduce deaths due to ischemic
stroke, stent thrombosis, and myocardial infarction. The antiplatelet
drugs market in Middle East & Africa and Latin America is likely
to be driven by increase in prevalence of heart attacks.
Key players in the global antiplatelet drugs market include Merck &
Co., Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Sanofi, Bristol-Myers Squibb
Company, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo, Inc.,
Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, AstraZeneca, and The Medicines Company.
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