Spasticity is a medical condition where muscles get continuously
contracted. Muscle contraction leads to muscle stiffness and
tightening, affecting normal muscle movement in individuals affected
with spasticity. Injury to the part of the brain or spinal cord which
controls voluntary movement of the muscles can cause spasticity. The
damage triggers a change in balance of neural signaling between the
central nervous system and the muscles.
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Spasticity can occur due to various medical conditions such as
cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, and traumatic brain injury.
According to the American Association of Neurological Surgeons, there
are approximately 12 million people affected by spasticity in the
world; of these nearly 80% of the individuals affected by spasticity
have spasticity. In the U.S., nearly 500,000 people have cerebral
palsy; of these 400,000 have cerebral palsy associated spasticity. An
estimated 400,000 individuals are affected by multiple sclerosis in
the U.S. and around 320,000 individuals with multiple sclerosis
disorder have spasticity.
Spasticity can occur due to numerous other conditions such as injury
to the spinal cord, brain damage due to lack of oxygen, encephalitis,
meningitis, phenylketonuria, Lou Gehrig's disease, and
adrenoleukodystrophy. Spasticity symptoms include muscle tightening
and uncontrollable spasm mostly in legs and arms. It can also lead to
joint pain and lower back pain. In adverse conditions, spasticity can
cause restricted movement, extreme muscle contractions, affect
protein synthesis in muscle, urinary tract infection, chronic
constipation, pressure sores, and inhibit longitudinal muscle growth.
Various treatments are available for spasticity based on cause, age
of patient, and spasticity severity. Physical therapy is used to
maintain or improve muscle mobility, increase strength and muscle
coordination, use of braces, and electrical stimulation. Other
spasticity treatments include oral medications and in some cases
neuro-surgical procedures such as intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pumps
and selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR). On June 06, 2017, Ipsen
announced the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for
expanded use of Dysport (abobotulinumtoxinA) injection for treating
spasticity in adults with lower limb spasticity. In July 2016, the
medication had received approval to treat pediatric patients with
lower limb spasticity and in July 2015, the medication was approved
for the treatment of upper limb spasticity in adults.
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Oral medication for treatment of spasticity is generally considered
when spasticity symptoms become adverse and start affecting daily
muscle functioning in an individual. Spasticity medication is used in
combination of one or more drugs. Spasticity oral medication
comprises the use of benzodiazepines, imidazole, and gamma-amino
butyric acid analogs.
Increasing awareness, growing research, changing lifestyle,
advancements in the health care industry, launch of novel
therapeutics, and rising per capita income in emerging markets are
expected to drive the spasticity treatment market during the forecast
period. However, lack of disease awareness in emerging economies,
overall high cost of treatment, stringent government regulations, and
unfavorable reimbursement are likely to restrain the market.
Geographically, the global spasticity treatment market has been
segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America,
and Middle East & Africa. North America dominates the global
spasticity treatment market due of increasing population, rising
geriatric population, increasing number of screening procedures,
presence of leading manufacturers, and technological advancements.
North America is closely followed by Europe and Asia Pacific. Asia
Pacific is an emerging market for spasticity treatment because of
increasing health care expenditure, rising population, and growing
awareness.
Key players in the global spasticity treatment market are Codman &
Shurtleff, Inc., Medtronic, Inc., InMed Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ipsen,
Orient Pharma Co., Ltd., Taj Pharmaceuticals Limited, MediciNova,
Inc., Sanofi, and Genentech, Inc., among others.
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