Chikungunya is a vector-transmitted viral disease caused by
chikungunya virus i.e. CHIKV. CHIKV is an RNA virus belonging to
Alphavirus genus of family Togaviridae. The disease was first
detected in 1952 in southern Tanzania during an outbreak. The term
chikungunya, which is borrowed from Kimakonde language, literally
means ‘to become contorted’. The term was coined due to the
stooped or curved appearance of sufferers having arthralgia (joint
pain). Chikungunya is transmitted by day-biting infected mosquitoes,
which are primarily of two types: Aedes aegypti and Aedes
albopictus.
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The virus may also be circulated within different animals including
rodents and birds. The disease is characterized by fever and joint
pain. Other symptoms such as joint swelling, muscle pain, headache,
fatigue, nausea, and rash are also observed. Most people suffering
from chikungunya recover within a week; however, joint pain is often
unbearable and it varies in duration. The disease can be diagnosed by
testing the blood for antibodies against the virus (i.e. serological
testing) or by detecting viral RNA in blood (i.e. molecular testing).
Often the chikungunya infection is misdiagnosed with dengue or Zika
virus in the areas where the latter two are prevalent, as all the
three infections manifest similar symptoms.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), chikungunya occurs
in Asia including the Indian subcontinent and Africa with relatively
low levels of human infection. However, in the year 1999–2000, a
large outbreak occurred in the Democratic Republic of Congo and in
2006–2007, in India and Gabon. Thereafter, several cases were
reported in other Southeast Asian countries and also in European
countries. Since 2013, cases have been reported in France, North
American countries, and Latin American countries also. So far,
chikungunya is a disease with no cure or vaccines. Treatment is
generally symptom-oriented and it aims at relieving the symptoms. The
disease prevention is focused on the prevention of mosquito bites and
prevention and control of mosquito infestation.
The global chikungunya diagnosis market is witnessing rapid growth,
owing to the increasing incidence of chikungunya worldwide, rising
awareness about mosquito-transmitted infections, and government
initiatives regarding the prevention and control of mosquito
infestation and the disease. Other factors driving the market for
chikungunya diagnosis are constant government efforts regarding the
prevention of mosquito breeding and general awareness among people
about mosquito bites and the resulting infections. Additionally, the
rising unmet needs for chikungunya diagnosis in Asia and Africa are
likely to provide growth opportunities for the global chikungunya
market during the forecast period. However, lack of appropriate
treatment and vaccines and misdiagnosis of chikungunya with dengue
and Zika virus infections may hamper the growth of the global market
during the same period. Also, factors such as lack of awareness in
certain underdeveloped countries, shortage of proper diagnostic
services along with skilled professionals, and scarcity of funds in
these countries may lead to sluggish growth of the global market in
the near future.
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The chikungunya diagnosis market can be segmented on the basis of
technique, end-user, and region. Chikungunya can be diagnosed by
serological testing techniques or molecular testing techniques.
Serological testing involves enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
(ELISA) carried out for detecting the presence of IgG and IgM
anti-chikungunya antibodies. Molecular testing involves reverse
transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) carried out for
detecting the presence of viral RNA. The market can be segmented on
the basis of end-user into diagnostic laboratories, hospitals, and
others (academic & research institutes, biotechnology &
pharmaceutical companies). The diagnostic laboratories segment is
expected to account for a major share of the market during the
forecast period, due to increasing incidence of mosquito-transmitted
diseases and high investments in diagnostic laboratories.
Geographically, the chikungunya diagnosis market has been segmented
into five regions viz. Europe, North America, Latin America, Asia
Pacific, and Middle East & Africa. North America holds a major
share of the global market, due to extensive R&D activities in
the health care sector in the region including ongoing corporate and
government efforts for the development of new products. The market in
Asia Pacific is projected to expand at a rapid pace, due to high
prevalence of mosquito-transmitted diseases. Additionally, alliances
among the western market players is another factor stimulating the
growth of the chikungunya diagnosis market in the region.
Key players operating in the global chikungunya diagnosis market are
Abbott Laboratories, Alere Inc., Becton, Dickinson and Company,
bioMerieux SA, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Danaher Corporation, Hologic,
Inc., MedMira Inc., Merck KGaA, QIAGEN, Roche Molecular Systems Inc.,
Siemens Healthcare, and Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.
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